What's New

New pages are published regularly, in English and Turkish, and earlier pages are rewritten as the writing standard improves. This list shows the most recent first. To follow along, subscribe to the RSS feed in any feed reader.

11 November 2026

• Leaderless Replication (Dynamo-style): Quorum R + W > N · Replication Strategies

10 November 2026

• Multi-Leader Replication: Write Conflicts and Resolution · Replication Strategies

9 November 2026

• Replication Lag Problems: Read-Your-Own-Writes · Replication Strategies

8 November 2026

• Failover and Leader Election: The Split-Brain Risk · Replication Strategies

7 November 2026

• Leader-Based Replication: Synchronous vs. Asynchronous · Replication Strategies

6 November 2026

• Data Partitioning / Sharding · Chapter overview
• Secondary Indexes in Partitioned Data: Local vs. Global · Data Partitioning / Sharding
• Colocated Joins: Placing Related Data on the Same Shard · Data Partitioning / Sharding
• Dynamic Rebalancing: Zero-Downtime Strategies · Data Partitioning / Sharding
• Consistent Hashing and Virtual Nodes (vnodes) · Data Partitioning / Sharding
• Skew and Hot-Spot Problems: Real-World Scenarios · Data Partitioning / Sharding
• Hash Partitioning: Uniform Distribution · Data Partitioning / Sharding
• Key-Range Partitioning: Advantages and Range Scans · Data Partitioning / Sharding
• Communication Protocols & API Design · Part overview
• Load Balancing · Chapter overview
• Health-Aware Routing and Connection Draining · Load Balancing
• Global Server Load Balancing (GSLB) and Anycast · Load Balancing
• Client-Side vs. Server-Side Load Balancing · Load Balancing

5 November 2026

• Algorithms: Round Robin, Least Connections, Weighted, Consistent Hashing · Load Balancing
• L4 vs. L7 Load Balancing: Transport vs. Application Layer · Load Balancing
• API Gateway and Service Contracts · Chapter overview
• Throttling and Rate Limiting at the Gateway Level · API Gateway and Service Contracts
• Idempotency and Safe HTTP Methods · API Gateway and Service Contracts
• Consumer-Driven Contract Testing (Pact) · API Gateway and Service Contracts
• OpenAPI / Swagger: Contract-First Development · API Gateway and Service Contracts
• Backend for Frontend (BFF) Pattern · API Gateway and Service Contracts
• API Gateway Pattern: Single Entry Point, Routing, Auth · API Gateway and Service Contracts
• Asynchronous Messaging Fundamentals · Chapter overview
• Dead Letter Queues and Poison Message Handling · Asynchronous Messaging Fundamentals
• Schema Evolution and Schema Registry: Avro, Protobuf, and Compatibility Modes · Asynchronous Messaging Fundamentals
• AsyncAPI: Documenting Asynchronous Contracts · Asynchronous Messaging Fundamentals
• At-Least-Once, At-Most-Once, and Exactly-Once Semantics · Asynchronous Messaging Fundamentals
• RabbitMQ: Exchange Types and Routing · Asynchronous Messaging Fundamentals
• Pulsar vs. Kafka: Architectural Comparison · Asynchronous Messaging Fundamentals
• Kafka Architecture: Topic, Partition, Consumer Group, Offset · Asynchronous Messaging Fundamentals
• Message Queue vs. Event Streaming: Differences and Use Cases · Asynchronous Messaging Fundamentals
• Synchronous Communication Protocols · Chapter overview
• API Versioning Strategies · Synchronous Communication Protocols

4 November 2026

• WebSocket and Server-Sent Events: Real-Time Communication · Synchronous Communication Protocols
• GraphQL: Query Language and Federation Architecture · Synchronous Communication Protocols
• gRPC Streaming: Unary, Server-Streaming, Bi-directional · Synchronous Communication Protocols
• gRPC & Protocol Buffers: High-Performance RPC · Synchronous Communication Protocols
• HTTP/2 and HTTP/3: Multiplexing, HOL Blocking, and QUIC · Synchronous Communication Protocols
• REST: Constraints, Resources, and HTTP Contracts · Synchronous Communication Protocols
• Distributed ID Generation: UUIDv7, Snowflake, ULID · Time and Ordering
• Google TrueTime & Spanner: Working with Uncertainty · Time and Ordering
• Hybrid Logical Clocks (HLC): Combining Physical and Logical Time · Time and Ordering
• Vector Clocks: Detecting Concurrency · Time and Ordering
• Lamport Timestamps: Capturing Causality · Time and Ordering
• The Happened-Before Relation: Foundation of Causality · Time and Ordering
• Monotonic Clocks vs. Time-of-Day: Which One to Use · Time and Ordering
• Physical Clocks: Quartz Drift, NTP Limitations, Leap Second Problem · Time and Ordering
• System Models and Failure Types · Chapter overview
• Failure Propagation: Cascading Failure Analysis · System Models and Failure Types
• Deterministic vs. Probabilistic Failure Models · System Models and Failure Types
• Byzantine Faults: Malicious or Corrupted Actors · System Models and Failure Types
• Failure Models: Crash-Stop, Crash-Recovery, Omission · System Models and Failure Types
• Network Models: Synchronous, Asynchronous, and Partially Synchronous · System Models and Failure Types

3 November 2026

• From Monoliths to Distributed Systems · Chapter overview
• Network Reliability, Bandwidth Limitations, and Topology Changes · From Monoliths to Distributed Systems
• The 8 Fallacies of Distributed Computing · From Monoliths to Distributed Systems
• Stateful vs. Stateless Services: When to Use Which · From Monoliths to Distributed Systems
• Cost-Performance Curves and Hardware Limits · From Monoliths to Distributed Systems
• The Scaling Dilemma: Vertical vs. Horizontal Scaling · From Monoliths to Distributed Systems