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VIII. Observability

You cannot operate what you cannot see, and in a distributed system a single user request touches dozens of services — so understanding one failure means reconstructing a story spread across the whole fleet. Observability is the property that lets you ask new questions of your system without shipping new code, built from three signals with very different cost profiles: logs, metrics, and traces. This part covers those three pillars, the tools and standards that collect them, and the SLO framework that turns raw telemetry into decisions about reliability.